The Former Soviet Unions Political Position free essay sample

A point by point take a gander at the European and worldwide viewpoints about the Former Soviet Union and its political position. This article traces the situation of the previous Soviet Union on an European just as Global point of view. The creator endeavors to research the standard global components that add to the FSUS flow position in world legislative issues and the criticalness of their effects. 'The Former Soviet Unions, (FSU), position in world governmental issues today is the result of many significant issues that began to happen following the 'Cool War.' This paper will attempt to examine those issues close by increasingly current ones in building up the guideline factors adding to the FSUs current situation in world legislative issues, and what criticalness they hold. So as to accomplish this, I will be investigating the impact of numerous locales of the globe. Europe will be a significant center point, as it appears to hold a significant stake in what goes on in the FSUs domain. We will compose a custom article test on The Former Soviet Unions Political Position or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Climate the geological situation of the FSU corresponding to it turning into a 'passageway' among Europe and the Far East is of any significance will be taken a gander at. Likewise the extent of the assignment being attempted both by the FSU and the remainder of the worldwide 'partners' will be broke down.'

The Romanticism Period Essay -- history, neoclassicists

History is the story and information on the past. There are people that are intrigued by history and wish to examine it by finding out additional. It is extremely enlightening to comprehend what has occurred in the past for self-information. An individual can't be naã ¯ve to the past including however not restricted to how writing came to. One can comprehend writing more when they comprehend the timeframe the writer composed during and the manner in which they composed. There are a few timespans various creators have experienced with every period having explicit convictions. Sentimentalism is the timeframe that intrigues me the most; it was a period during the eighteenth century and concentrated on nature alongside the individual’s articulation of creative mind and feeling. The Romanticism time frame began in 1789 and kept going till 1830. This timeframe was a significant global development, forming present day perspectives on workmanship, writing, music, and different angles throughout everyday life. Sentimentalism was the â€Å"reaction against creative styles of traditional artifact, which was neoclassicism.† Neoclassicists centered around the intensity of thinking to find reality while Romantics concentrated on the want to change the world through the intensity of creative mind. They had a profound love for nature (Furst 302). The parts of sentimentalism are significant; they are the convictions of this period. The main viewpoint incorporates nature, which permits them to be liberated from the fake parts of human advancement; they were with man’s genuine setting. Nature was there to uncover and recuperate people. A case of the affection for nature in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s verse ‘Frost at Midnight’ is he is depic ting how cheerful he is that his child will have the option to see nature as opposed to living in the city as he did, â€Å"But thou, my angel! shalt meander like ... ...what it is without the impact of the key driving scholarly figures of the sentimental period and furthermore the main artistic figures. This data is as yet utilized today and the writing is still perused and gone down to ages. The sentimental period is by a wide margin the most fascinating in my eyes due to the writing works that were composed during that time. â€Æ' Works Cited Fuller, Edmund. The New Book of Knowledge. Vol. 5. Danbury: Grolier Incorporated, 2000. Print. Furst, Lilian. The New Book of Knowledge. Vol. 16. Danbury: Grolier Incorporated, 2000. Print. Hart, James D. Sentimentalism. The Oxford Companion to American Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. Print. Lord, Neil. The Romantics. New York: Evans Brother Limited, 2003. Print. Phillips, Jerry, and Andrew Ladd. Sentimentalism and Transcendentalism. New York: DWJ Books LLC, 2006. Print.

E-wallets A mix of business and technology

E-wallets A mix of business and technology Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now! E-wallets: A mix of business and technology Updated On 07/10/2019 Author : Ram kumar Topic : Business Short URL : https://hbb.me/2KaF1aI CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlog E-wallets, also called digital wallets, have been around for quite a while. It’s easier to think of them as a virtual place where you can store your money and access it at a moment’s notice. E-wallets are easy to use and even easier to set up. They offer lots of flexibility and can let you perform international, P2P, and B2B transactions in a very short time. In this post, we will be discussing some of the benefits of e-wallets, as well as which are the best ones available. We will also look at the cons that you should look out for when signing up to use an e-wallet or deciding whether to use one or stick to “normal” payment methods. Advantages of e-wallets The most significant advantage of using e-wallets is the convenience that they provide. Since most of them let you use your phone to access your funds, you always have access, as your phone is always with you. That said, this can also be said about bank accounts and ATM cards, with modern mobile apps provided by most banks. However, besides convenience, e-wallets have additional advantages. They can provide additional layer of safety If you only have a bank account and credit or debit cards, you need to use these payment methods every time you want to pay for something online. However, some websites might seem less secure and reliable, so you might not want to use your bank account or cards on them. This is where e-wallets can come in handy, as the money in your bank account will stay safe even if you pay on less-trusted websites. It’s also advisable to use websites like Scamadviser.com to check website trustworthiness before buying anything online. They can help you spend on a budget You can decide to use your e-wallets as a budget aid by only funding them with the amount you want to spend. So, for example, if you want to use your PayPal for monthly online shopping, you know you’ve blown through your budget for that month when your account is empty. Some other wallets even let you set spending limits. That way, you’ll be notified when you exhaust your budget, even if your account is still funded. You can use them while staying connected Since you can access your e-wallets from your devices, it’s very easy for you to switch from other tasks to managing your money. Even though cards have some advantages when it comes to portability and ease of access, it still doesn’t come close to e-wallets. You can be reading a review one minute and switch to paying for something online, without setting down your phone. Of course, mobile banking applications and other modern online payment methods offer similar levels of freedom, but e-wallets are even better in this regard, at least in some cases. Cons Unfortunately, like everything else, e-wallets also have their cons. In some situations, E-wallets can actually prevent you from spending when you want to; or they might cause you to overspend all together. They are not as widely accepted as other forms of payment E-wallets aren’t accepted by all service providers. If you use a widely known e-wallet like PayPal, you may be able to pay for most services and products. However, even PayPal has limitationsâ€"you can’t use it everywhere. It’s even worse if you’re using a less popular e-wallet. A breach in security can cost you everything With traditional means like cards, if your bank observes suspicious activity, they can contact you and even temporarily freeze the card. However, with e-wallets, all your funds could be gone before you even know your password has been hacked. In this way, traditional means like cards and cheques are much better than e-wallets. That said, some e-wallets offer bank-like services that can manage to get your money back in some cases, and you can always mitigate this risk by not leaving a lot of money in your e-wallet accounts. Either way, if you stick to widely-used e-wallets and secure your account properly, you should be fine. There might be fees for processing payments We got used to having online transactions processed for free. However, many e-wallets require users to pay fees for using their services. These may be charged when topping up your e-wallet balance, sending a payment, receiving a payment, or withdrawing money back to your bank account. Each e-wallet is different in this, so keep your eyes open and do the research before starting to use any of them. .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button .postImageUrl , .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { min-height: 86px; position: relative; } .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button:hover , .IRPP_button:visited , .IRPP_button:active { border:0!important; } .IRPP_button { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #3498DB; } .IRPP_button:active , .IRPP_button:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .IRPP_button .postImageUrl { background-position: center; background-size: cover; float: right; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 30%; } .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { float: left; width: 70%; padding:0; margin:0; } .IRPP_button .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: .125em; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .IRPP_button .postTitle { color: #ECF0F1; font-size: 16px; fon t-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button .ctaButton { background: #ECF0F1; color: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; margin: 18px 14px 18px 14px; moz-border-radius: 3px; padding: 12px 0; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; webkit-border-radius: 3px; width: 80px; position: absolute; } .IRPP_button:hover .ctaButton { background: #e6e6e6; } .IRPP_button .centered-text { display: table; height: 86px; padding:0; margin:0; padding-left: 108px!important; top: 0; } .IRPP_button .IRPP_button-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 10px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button:after { content: "; display: block; clear: both; } READ5 Simple Online Advertisement Tips For Your BusinessTop five E-wallets Now that we’ve been over what E-wallets are and what they can do for you let’s review some of the best ones out there. They are not arranged in any particular order since they all have their unique advantages. PayPal PayPal is the most popular E-wallet around. It has been in existence for almost 20 years, and it is reliable, efficient, and available globally. People love PayPal because it is very easy to set up. You can choose to link it to your bank account, but you don’t have to. With PayPal, you can pay for transactions online, transfer money to people, write “e-checks”, as well as charge your PayPal purchases to your credit card. Most online platforms accept PayPal, which makes it one of the best E-wallets available. Skrill Skrill, formerly known as Moneybookers, is another fantastic E-wallet service. Just like PayPal, Skrill allows up to 40 different currencies. The limitation with this multiple currency policy is that after you make the first transaction in a currency, you cannot change the account to another currency. One of the unique offers that Skrill has is that it works seamlessly with online casinos. It is widely accepted as a mode of payment to online casinos all over the world, including countries in Europe, and the United States. Payoneer With Payoneer E-wallet, you can send money to your bank account, pay for goods and services, and even interface with freelancing platforms. Payoneer specializes in B2B transactions, which means that it mainly focuses on sending and receiving money between two businesses. Freelancers love Payoneer because they can use it to withdraw payment from their accounts on Upwork, Fiverr and other platforms. As usual, you will have to complete a verification process to confirm it’s really you before you can begin using it. But once you do that, you’re good to go. Leopay Leopay is like a financial ecosystem since it has all the services you could ever require, from operating several currencies to getting prepaid cards. It has a web-based system, as well as a mobile application. Leopay also lets you create multiple user accounts, which is a little like having several accounts with the same bank. The benefit of Leopay cards is that you can withdraw with physical cards without even owning a bank account. However, one of its downsides is that because it is not as reputable and as established as PayPal and Skrill, you may have a longer wait time when trying to settle disputes on your account. Ecopayz Ecopayz offers financial services to both individuals and businesses. It has everything you’d expect from an E-wallet, including getting a prepaid card to withdraw cash and make purchases online. Unfortunately, Ecopayz can only support three currenciesâ€"Euro, US Dollar, and Pound Sterling. Just like with Skrill, Ecopayz can also be used on online betting websites, which means that you can fund your casino accounts, as well as withdraw money from them. However, unlike Skrill, Ecopayz only interfaces with a few online casinos. So what does all this mean for you as a blogger? E-wallets are good news for bloggers. With their services, you can do everything you need to do right from your computer and phone. It used to be just shopping in online stores like Amazon. But now, you can pay for virtually any service online within and outside your country. Also, you can send money to your fellow bloggers and receive money. Even though you can already do this with cards, it’s even more unique withe-wallets because you can do all of this without ever putting down your phone. There are also E-wallets supported by Banks, which makes it easier for you to access some banking services that other e-wallets may not get you. You could access a loan, for example. And let’s not forget the fact that you can get paid for your services online. If you do freelance writing on Fiverr for example, your payment is literally a link away.

Essay on Got Teeth Dental Implants - 1994 Words

For the past two and a half years I have been working as a Periodontal Assistant accommodating two doctors. Combined, both doctors have over thirty years experience within the field of Periodontics. The field of Periodontics focuses predominately on the prevention, treatment, and maintenance of periodontal disease. Treatment of periodontal disease, commonly is managed by; the removal of excessive tissue, bone and tissue grafts, and extraction of problem teeth. However, at our practice, we not only manage periodontal disease, but replace missing teeth with dental implants. Dental implants are an alternative to other restoratives like bridges and dentures. On an ideal day, we place about five to ten implants; and the overall†¦show more content†¦The healing time for the implant is crucial because the implant â€Å"fuses with the jawbone through a process called osseointegration† (Dental Implants). The surface of the implant itself is vital in the osseointegratio n process. As a result, several â€Å"trial and error† tests have been conducted over the past several decades in determining the most ideal surface. According to a studies review by; Gupta, Dhanraj, and Sivagami, a â€Å"sandblasted and acid etched† surface produces the best results when integrating. Sandblasting is a method that produces a â€Å"rough† texture on the implants surface; while acid etching â€Å"leads to micro-texturizing and cleaning† (Gupta, Dhanraj, and Sivagami). Now that we know how implants achieve durability and stability, lets compare to materials mainly used in bridges. Bridges are commonly comprised of the following; porcelain fused to metal, gold alloys, or base metal alloys. Porcelain fused to metal is often most peoples choice when it comes to bridges because, its a financially conservative cosmetic material. According to an ADA table titled; Indirect Restorative Dental Materials; a porcelain fused to metal bridge is ex tremely visually unappealing due to the visible metal portion close to the gum-line. Additionally porcelain fused to metal bridges are more capable of fracturing and wearing down opposing teeth over time. Unlike bridges, implants are not only â€Å"built toShow MoreRelatedHave You Ever Been In Dental Limbo?..... Who Do I Go To?1625 Words   |  7 PagesHave you ever been in dental limbo?..... Who do I go to? Am I going to a good dentist? Are they in my insurance plan? Will they treat me well? Over the past few years, I felt like I was on a dental quest after my long-time dentist retired. I never realized that it would be that hard to find another dentist who met my strict requirements - clean sanitary office, friendly, helpful sincere office staff , and, the most important factor, a great dentist who not only treats you with respect, listensRead MoreCure Tooth Decay : Heal And Prevent Cavities With Nutrition1365 Words   |  6 PagesAbout seven months ago, I walked out of a dental office with a pretty serious quote for dental work that was needed to be done on 8 different cavities they found in my teeth. I was confused. I eat a pretty good diet. How could my teeth have cavities? I brush and I floss every day. How could this happen? I told my dentist that I had heard about the â€Å"remineralization† of teeth and even curing tooth decay and cavities with certain staples in your diet, and asked him his opinion on the subject. Of courseRead MoreCase - Dr. Beckett’s Dental Office2477 Words   |  10 Pagesrange of dental care from simple teeth cleaning to complicated dental surgery and implants. 1.1.2 Price The practice is no member of one of the HMOs, because Dr. Beckett was not of the opinion that she could provide the level of service she wanted, at the reimbursements given by the HMO. Therefore she offers now her dental services at a higher price, but therefore also at a higher quality. 1.1.3 Promotion The practice does with 2000 â€Å"active† patients very well, at the moment. Dr. Beckett got her patientsRead MoreFluoridation Of Drinking Water Fluoridation Is A Great Case Of Clinical Perception Prompting Epidemiologic Examination And Group Based General1756 Words   |  8 Pagesflouridation of drinking water to prevent dental caries , family planning and so on . Body Let us see about the two major events that played a major role in the public health along with the evolution of science .They are Flouridation of Drinking water and Family planning . FLUORIDATION OF DRINKING WATER Fluoridation of group drinking water is a main consideration in charge of the decrease in dental caries (tooth rot) . The historical backdropRead MoreDetection And Treatment Of Malocclusions And Other Dental Deformities2362 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract Detection and treatment of malocclusions and other dental deformities are a considerable field of work in the plan of orthodontic treatment. Severe malformations of the midface such as maxillary or mandibular deformity can be treated by the distraction and reformation of skull bones. During an operation, the appropriate bony part of the mid-face is separated from the rest of the skull (osteotomy), slowly moved into the ideal position by way of a distraction device. In the current clinicalRead MoreDna Analysis And Identification Of Missing Bodies Essay3299 Words   |  14 Pagesidentification of putrefied bodies is a common task in forensic routine work. The identification of human corpse is usually carried out by comparing ante mortem and post mortem data such as external features like scars, tattoos and fingerprints, medical implants or old injuries etc which is specific to every individual. However, there are cases when these methods fail and Genetic Identification may be the only alternative left. DNA can be extracted from all the body tissues, but it is of great concernRead MoreJob Shadowing a Dentist3438 Words   |  14 Pagesentirety of their mouth. They need a dentist to stop the anguish. Luckily, dentistry offices are located in almost all communities throughout the nation which makes it more convenient for someone to go get his or her teeth checked out. Dentists work with areas of the mouth including the teeth, gums, and other tissues. Dentistry is absolutely essential for maintaining overall health and well-being. And, believe me, they can relieve the excruciating pain of a toothache. The art of dentistry has rootsRead MoreThe Importance of Having Health Insurance2385 Words   |  9 Pagesand surgical expenses. If a person were to lose an arm or a leg, insurance would help pay for the cost of a prosthetic or surgery to repair the arm or leg. Most insurance companies offer subsidies such as vision and dental plans to assist with anything in regards to your eyes or teeth. There are a very few insurance companies that do offer a hearing plan, but most of those companies are private insurance companies. (Gandal)So, what about a person that is born with hearing loss or loses their hearingRead MoreCeramics in the Medical Field2984 Words   |  12 PagesBio-safe materials are non-toxic and non-inflammatory as to avoid rejection from the body. Where the bioactivity is how it reacts to biological material and processes. Typically ceramics have been used in surgical replacements such as bones and teeth. These ceramics must be designed and optimized in order to per form in the body’s aggressive internal environment. Newer ceramics are being researched in order to improve structure, functionality, and life expectancy. Some ceramics like calciumRead MoreFlorence Nightingale: a Leader in Nursing2367 Words   |  10 PagesShe believed that deficiencies in these five factors produce illness or a decline in health. Florence Nightingale played an important role in the Crimean War (1854-1856) by recruiting female nurses to provide care to the sick and injured. When she got there she was mortified by the conditions of the hospital and the way in which the soldiers were being looked after; most of them died from sickness due to the hospitals conditions rather than battle wounds. Nightingale and her nurses were able to transform

Biology, Pragmatism and Contradiction Essay - 3857 Words

Biology, Pragmatism and the Question of Contradiction ABSTRACT: In this article I present H. R. Maturanas work as an alternative that reinforces pragmatism in the task of thinking philosophy through the evolution of biological species. I try to demonstrate how Maturanas biology dilutes the principal argument against American Neo-pragmatism. This criticism uses the argument of performative contradiction as it has developed in the European Neo-Kantian philosophy. Thus, I begin by presenting Apel. s arguments which are contrary the perspective of the detranscendentalization of the Post-Nietzschenian philosophy. I conclude that analytical philosophy is a fecund point of contact between Maturanas biology and American Pragmatism, and†¦show more content†¦Then, I would like to use a specific kind of reasoning as the filament of this discussion. I reefer to the argument of the performative contradiction, central in contemporary philosophical discussion. The argument of performative contradiction had been used by Aristotle to justify the Principle of Contradiction. As shown by Cirne-Lima, contemporary philosophy has rescued this type of argument trough the Philosophy of Robert Heiss, Austin and Apel. In one of his papers, Apel points to the historical origins of the argument that he proposes as a method to establish a non-metaphysical ultimate foundation to knowledge and ethics. In this article, Apel begins his argumentation by partially accepting the Mà ¼nchhausians trilemma. As has been demonstrated by Hans Albert every ultimate foundation implies: either a) in a regression to the infinite; b) in a logical circle in which part of the argumentation includes exactly that we would suppose to be settled; or c) in a dogmatic interruption of the foundational regress. Apel accepts only partially this trilemma because he believes that this difficult in the structure of ultimate foundation is applied only to Metaphysical Philosophy and not to Post-Metaphysical Philosophy. In fact, Apel attempts to demonstrate the possibility of a non-metaphysical ultimate foundation. Apel reflects about the Falsificationism and attempts to transport into Philosophy what was supposed to be the mechanism ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 Pagesliterary career by majoring in English. As had always been her habit in school, the bright but reserved student focused on academics rather than socializing and was soon one of the colleges top scholars. Less expected was Carsons changing her major to biology after taking a class taught by a captivating young zoology professor named Mary Scott Skinner. In 1929, after graduating with high honors, the writer who would someday earn fame for her work on marine life got her first look at the sea as a summerRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages1910 but spent most of his career in the United States. He established his early career as an economist at a number of universities. As his work developed, he became increasingly interested in the idea that there could be a fusion of key ideas in biology and economics to produce what came to be known as ‘evolutionary economics’. This concern to look at the human aspects of economics was reflected in his interest in ethical, religious and environmental issues in relation to economics. He was also aRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesWeighted Weighted Weighted Weighted Score Score Score Score Score Score Score 60 20 10 55 70 40 10 60 Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection PROJECT 7: GRAND ISLAND The true story of a group of junior-high biology students who discover that a fertilizer plant is dumping toxic wastes into a nearby river. The moderate-budget film depicts how students organize a grassroots campaign to fight local bureaucracy and ultimately force the fertilizer plant to restore

School Uniforms - 827 Words

School Uniforms are a Waste About one in five public schools in the US are requiring students to wear a uniform (Flam). Children at these schools are all forced to wear the same bleak clothing as everyone else, day after day. They have little outlet for self expression which often makes students feel worse about themselves or resort to unsafe behaviors as a method of showing their personality. Advocates claim school uniforms might help kids feel a sense of community and contribute to academic success. However, they curb children’s social development and do not benefit students as proponents argue. Some people assert that uniforms are valuable in a school environment. For example, they put an emphasis on sameness throughout the students.†¦show more content†¦Capital will eventually run out and students will be forced to buy their own uniforms. This would result in several students left wearing the same outfit multiple times a week which would draw criticism from other children and further expose poverty. Finally, uniforms are partially responsible for racism in communities. According to Dr. Derrick Campbell, an expert in Educational Leadership, â€Å"Mandatory uniform policies in public school are more commonly found in high-poverty areas.† On average, three and a half times more African Americans and Hispanics live inside high-poverty areas than outside them (Campbell). A large divide like this teaches adolescents that minority groups must wear uniforms while white children don’t. Uniforms impede on the development of children’s minds and opinions . In addition to interfering with social development, uniforms do not promote classroom productivity. In fact, a recent study from the Ontario Student Trustees’ Association indicates that more than six out of ten students don’t think wearing a uniform would make the school climate better (Johne). This is a common theme among students and experts alike. Moreover, the group Clifton Asserting Parental Rights, which stopped two tries to implement uniforms by the Clifton Board of Education, firmly believes that uniforms have little benefit. To back this up, â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedSchool Uniforms And Schools Uniforms1211 Words   |  5 PagesSchool uniforms began their revolution in private schools; they represented a unique appearance, and provided a safe environment for the students attending. Private and Catholic schools were clever enough for implementing school uniforms, because without their influence public schools would have not adapted on creating a dress code f or students. By introducing school uniforms in school policies they have managed to impact students learning environment in reducing stress, changing students’ behaviorRead MoreUniforms in School726 Words   |  3 PagesThe standard issue school uniform of khaki, navy and white once exclusive to the private parochial institutions is becoming a common requirement in public schools across the nation. This trend that was first suggested for public schools in 1980 by then D. C. mayor, Marion Barry, to help diminish the social stigma of low income students has grown significantly in both numbers and reasons (Lawrence, 2013). In 2010, it was reported by the National Center for Education Statistics, that nearly 19% ofRead MoreSchools and Uniforms733 Words   |  3 PagesSchool Uniforms Uniforms in schools are a big debate around the world. Should we have uniforms in schools? The answer is yes because uniform help the schools. They bring to table a great deal of help because students are getting bullied, killed, and some may not have as much as other when shopping for clothes. Having uniforms bring safety to schools and what goes on after school. Why do we need uniforms? Most student have their own style, but a common argument against school uniforms is thatRead MoreSchool Uniform And School Uniforms937 Words   |  4 PagesSchool Uniform School uniforms keep students focused on their education not in their clothings. When all students are wearing the same outfit, they are less concerned about how they look and how they fit in with their peers. It’s easier for parent and students do not spend time choosing appropriate outfit for school day. It helps students can only concentrate on their schoolwork. Education is one of the big institutions for every kid that go to school. Also education is the roots that will help peopleRead MoreSchool Uniforms And Schools Uniforms819 Words   |  4 Pagesas school uniforms, many are quick to deem them as unjust and avoidable. What these individuals do not know is that, in fact, school uniforms would enhance how the learning environment functions. Surely, when schools provide their students with uniforms, they are not providing their students with dreadful apparel, they are providing their students with an opportunity to change; whether it be a chance for a student to change t heir role academically, or a chance for a student to fit in. School uniformsRead MoreSchool Uniforms1143 Words   |  5 PagesSchool uniforms make things more complicated Firstly, school is the place where all of us step in at a very tender age. In one word, life begins at school. It’s not just education but school gives us the platform to nurture our faith, emotions in such an early stage of life. The importance of making friends, working as a team- we learn all these in school. And wearing the same dress definitely brings a sense of unity among students. In every school there are students from different backgrounds butRead MoreSchool Uniforms: Yes or No?2109 Words   |  9 Pages3 March 2011 School Uniforms: A Non-Military Proposal for Swedens Students The word school uniform has negative connotations for many people. It makes them think of war, of soldier, of death, brainwashed airheads doing exactly the same as everybody else. It makes them think of reformed, collectivized groups of people with no personal identity. There are, however, reasons for the existence of the uniform; one of them being, as the name suggests, the purpose of uniting. At schools all around theRead MoreDress Codes And School Uniforms1248 Words   |  5 Pagesembarrassing than being dress coded at school? Enforcing a dress code among children is unfair because it not only discriminates against people but it destroys someone’s whole day. Dress codes and school uniforms are meant to increase student achievement and make everyone equal but instead it only hurts people. Most school dress codes are unnecessary and are sexist. Enforcing dress codes is suppose to boost student achievement but instead is racist, sexist and unnecessary. Schools should take in to considerationRead MoreShould School Uniforms For Wear Uniforms?969 Words   |  4 Pagesrequired to wear uniforms? In today’s society this is a very controversial subject across America. Many object uniforms because they feel uniforms don t allow students to have the freedom to express themselves the way they want. People feel uniforms undermine children s individuality. However, taking into consideration facts from both sides, what remains most important is the child s academics. To improve academics, schools should require all students to wear a uniform. Though uniforms may not be theRead MoreAre School Uniforms Beneficial Or Not?1098 Words   |  5 PagesAre School Uniforms Beneficial or Not? How does dressing and feeling the same as everybody else sound? Would it be enjoyable, or would it be no fun? According to Procon.org, the first recorded use of school uniforms in the United States was in 1994. In Europe around the early sixteenth century, school uniforms were made to tell the difference between poor students to the charity schools as opposed to other children. In London people thought that schools without uniforms were to be looked at as lower

Violance Aginst Women in Bangladesh free essay sample

Violence against women in Bangladesh has largely been aggravated by certain socio-cultural factors such as lack of gender equality, lack of awareness and knowledge about right, poverty, low educational level, womens position in the family and cultural taboos regarding violence and rape. The consequences of rape and fairly recent form of violence acid throwing- have a serious impact on the victims position in the society and her life, her chances of marriage and her ability to maintain a decent life. The socio-cultural context of violence in Bangladesh: Well Known risk factors of violence and sexual assaults are prevalent in Bangladesh, among other illiteracy poverty and lack of education. Very few women are aware of their rights. From available research and other documents it is clear that violence against women in Bangladesh is a grave problem. However, this understanding has done little to redress the devaluation of women in the Bangladeshi culture. The general attitude is reflected in the lack of will to assist women effectively when they seek help. Media reports, records from the police, courts, and hospitals reflect that incidences of abuse against women are alarmingly on the rise. Each year more and more cases are reported to agencies set up to intervene in cases of violence against women. Rape, burns, battery, homicide, acid attack, abduction, trafficking are all seen to be on the rise every year. The general increase in media focus as well as activism by womens and human rights organizations however have created greater public awareness resulting in more frequent and open discussions leading to more attention to possible solutions of the problem. The consequences of violence: Violence against women has short and long term impact on both physical and mental health of victims. It affects not only womens own lives and productivity, but also those of other family members, especially children. Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world and its estimated prevalence rate of violence against women is extremely high which, in turn, is ‘an obstacle to the achievement of equality, development and peace† (Johnson et al. , 2008, p. 16) Due to a lack of reliable base-line surveys, the exact number of women affected by violence is unknown . However, non-governmental organization (NGO) reports indicate that Bangladesh has one of the highest rate globally despite advancements of Women`s Rights and a strong history of women’s movements. Deeply embedded in cultural and socio-economic practices, violence against women is sanctioned by both society and the state, in the name of culture, tradition and Islamic religion. How it recognized? Recognizing violence against women as a violation of Human Rights is a significant turning-point in the struggle to end violence against women globally (UNIFEM, 2003). A human rights perspective broadens the definition of violence against women and â€Å"focuses attention on discrimination and inequalities that are maintained or tolerated by the state and that increase women`s vulnerability to violence† (Johnson et al. , 2008, p. 4) Violence against women has been recognized as an Human Rights issue since the 1993 World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna, which established that â€Å"human rights of women and of the girl-child are an inalienable, integral and indivisible part of universal human rights† (VDPA, Part I, para. 8). What are the consequences of that? A number of consequences have been found to be associated with intentional violence, such as: * Pelvic Infection * STDs * Sterility * Chronic pain * Gastrointestinal diseases * Homicide * Suicide What are various psychological symptoms are also associated with violence? These are: * Sleeping disorders * Depression * Trauma related symptoms * Low self-esteem * Suicide ideation and attempts. What the most common forms of violence In Bangladesh? 1. Fatwa violence against women in Bangladesh: Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world and its estimated prevalence rate of violence against women is extremely high which, in turn, is ‘an obstacle to the achievement of equality, development and peace’ (Johnson et al. , 2008, p. 16). Due to lack of reliable base-line surveys, the exact number of women affected by violence is unknown (CEDAW/C/BGD/Q/7). However, non-governmental organization (NGO) reports indicate that Bangladesh has one of the highest rates globally, despite advancements of women`s rights and a strong history of women’s movements. Deeply embedded in cultural and socio-economic practices, violence against women is sanctioned by both society and the state, in the name of culture, tradition and Islamic religion. What is fatwa violence? ‘The fatwa (is) an interpretation of the Qur’an and the -Prophet Muhammed’s teachings, has the potential to define everyday practices and modes of being for that religious leader’s followers. ’ ‘Although any Muslim can technically follow any fatwa, the norms and practices of their particular community will determine whether they carry it out. Black and Nadirsyah write: ‘Simply stated, a fatwa is a legal opinion issued by an Islamic law specialist on a specific issue. ’But then, later, they propose: ‘A fatwa is a non-binding legal opinion or ruling given by a recognized Islamic legal specialist. ’ ‘A small number of countries do give fatwas legal force, making them binding when gazetted and published. In some Mu slim countries, such as Bangladesh, it is an offence to issue an unauthorized fatwa. ’ ‘Fatwas are to be issued only by leading Islamic scholars because the ruling or opinion iven is to be arrived at through deep understanding and thorough knowledge of the Shari’a, drawing on the sources of Islamic law, namely the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet, the opinions of the jurists of the four Sunni schools of law (madhabs) and by applying the methodology of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). ’ ‘As Islam has no centralised, international priestly hierarchy, there is no uniform method for determining who can issue a valid fatwa, nor is there one definitive academic qualification on which a Mufti or Ayatollah’s standing rests. There is a misconception that a fatwa is strictly an order to kill specified individual(s) but the truth of it is that fatwas are issued on all sorts of question, such as whether or not an autopsy is permissible under Musli m law. What are the overviews of international human rights commitments and existing situation in Bangladesh regarding Fatwa? The international law apparatus can be used as a functioning tool in offering ways of enforcement of Women? s Human Rights in multiple ways. The UN General Assembly has adopted numerous resolutions both on violence against women in general and on violence against women in specific contexts. For example, the Security Council Resolution 1325 (SCR 1325) calls for the protection of women in conflict situations, and their full inclusion in peace-building and post-conflict reconstruction (2000). It has also adopted resolutions on violence against vulnerable and disadvantaged groups of women (e. g. migrant women), and with respect to particular forms of violence (e. g. UN General Assembly Resolution Working towards the Eliminations of Crimes Against Women Committed in the Name of Honor (2004)) (Chinkin, 2010). The World Health Organization (WHO) further reports and highlights a connection between the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the prevention of VAW, claiming that working towards the MDG`s will reduce violence against women and preventing VAW will contribute to achieving the MDG`s (WHO 2005). There are numerous international human rights commitments which Bangladesh is obliged to respect, protect and fulfill, in relations to VAW. However, simply ratifying international conventions, covenants and treaties is not sufficient; they must be incorporated into domestic law in order to be effective. To offer an example, Bangladesh ratified the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Convention on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution in 2002, but has failed to incorporate its provisions into domestic law. 2. Domestic Violence: What is domestic violence? Domestic violence is typically considered a private matter and is generally ignored by policies and programs. As a result, cases of domestic violence remain largely unknown and are reflected in official statistics. 3. Abduction: What is abduction? Of a person or people Kidnapping, the taking away of a person against the persons will Alien abduction, memories of being taken by apparently nonhuman entities Bride kidnapping, a practice in which a man abducts the woman he wishes to marry Child abduction, the abduction or kidnapping of a young child (or baby) by an older person Express kidnapping, a method of abduction where a small ransom that a company or family can easily pay is requested. Tiger kidnapping, taking a hostage to force a loved one or associate of the victim to do something. Trafficking in women and children 4. Rape: Given that rape is stigmatized as loss for the women who are raped, such cases are also greatly under-reported. Marital rape is not recognized as an offence by the law 5. Acid Attack 6. Burn 7. Homicide : What is homicide? Homicide (Latin: homicidium, Latin: homo human being + Latin: caedere to cut, kill) is the act of a human killing another human. [Murder, for example, is a type of homicide. It can also describe a person who has committed such an act, though this use is rare in modern English. Homicide is not always a punishable act under criminal law, and is different to murder from a formal legal point of view. Criminal homicide: Criminal homicide takes several forms and includes certain unintentional killings. The crime committed in a criminal homicide is determined by the state of mind of the defendant and statutes defining the crime. Murder, for example, is usually an intentional crime. State-sanctioned homicide Homicides may also be non-criminal when conducted with the sanction of the state. The most obvious examples are capital punishment, in which the state determines that a person should die. Homicides committed in action during war are usually not subject to criminal prosecution either. In addition, members of law enforcement entities are also allowed to commit justified homicides within certain parameters which, when met, do not usually result in prosecution; see deadly force. Global statistics: A 2011 study by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime brought together a wide variety of data sources to create a worldwide picture of trends and developments. Sources included multiple agencies and field offices of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and national and international sources from 207 countries. The report estimated that in 2010, the total number of homicides globally was 468,000. More than a third (36%) occurred in Africa, 31% in the Americas, 27% in Asia, 5% in Europe and 1% in Oceania. Since 1995, the homicide rate has been falling in Europe, North America, and Asia, but has risen to a near crisis point in Central America and the Caribbean. Of all homicides worldwide, 82% of the victims were male and 18% were female; of the female victims, 40 to 70% were linked to partner- or family-related violence. On a per-capita scaled level, the homicide rate in Africa and the Americas (at 17 and 16 per 100,000 population, respectively) is more than double the global average (6. per 100,000), whereas in Asia, Europe and Oceania (between 3 and 4 per 100,000) it is roughly half. Forty-two percent of homicides globally are committed using firearms. 8. Psychological Abuse : What is psychological abuse? Psychological abuse, also referred to as emotional abuse or mental abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another to behavior that may r esult in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Such abuse is often associated with situations of power imbalance, such as abusive relationships, bullying, child abuse and abuse in the workplace. There were no consensus views about the definition of emotional abuse. As such, clinicians and researchers have offered sometimes divergent definitions of emotional abuse. However, the widely used Conflict Tactics Scale measures roughly twenty distinct acts of psychological aggression in three different categories: * Verbal aggression (e. g. , saying something that upsets or annoys someone else); * Dominant behaviours (e. g. preventing someone to have contact with their family); * Jealous behaviors (e. g. , accusing a partner of maintaining other parallel relations). Effects: English, et al. report that children whose families are characterized by interpersonal violence, including psychological aggression and verbal aggression, may exhibit a range of serious disorders, including chronic depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder , dissociation and anger. A 2008 study by Walsh and Shulman reports that relationship dissatisfaction for both partners is more likely to be associated with, in women, psychological aggression and, in men, with withdrawal. Clinical perception: A study found that abuse committed by women, including emotional and psychological abuse such as controlling or humiliating behavior, was typically viewed as less serious or detrimental than identical abuse committed by men. Additionally, Sorenson and Taylor found that respondents had a broader range of opinions about female perpetrators, representing a lack of clearly defined mores when compared to responses about male perpetrators. It is suggested that some forms of psychopathology lead to some men adopting patriarchal ideology to justify and rationalize their own pathology * Sexual Abuse of children in the family Dowry related violence * Violence During Pregnancy * Forced Prostitution Is there any Violence against Bangladeshi women in abroad? * Answer: yes of course ( source Parvez Babul | 14 May 2012 5:56 pm at daily new age) The women, facing violence by their husbands/inmates, die many times before their death! Moreover, the rate of violence against Banglad eshi women in abroad is beyond the imagination. In most cases victims are helpless there, for many reasons as in foreign land. I have tried to portray a simple picture of violence against Bangladeshi women in abroad to realise how endless inhumane lives they pass, and even killed! Most of the victim told me that, before wedding, the parents or guardians are unable to collect enough information about the grooms staying abroad. Consequently, they have to believe the grooms no matter how false information they give. But after marriage, when the fate of women starts burning, nothing can be done, but have to accept unless the lives of women turn into ashes. Sometimes greed of being migrants of family members with the help of migrant husbands and other causes makes some parents and guardians more interested to catch Bangladeshi grooms in abroad. I am certain that many of you know more or less about the violence against Bangladeshi women in abroad. Yet I like to present here one of the touchy case studies of some sufferer and severely injured women to realise the reality and state of grave inhumanity, so that if we can do something needed in favour of them in future. Koli (not her real name) was an educated girl and had an affair with a person in Dhaka. Both she and her lover were planning to marry on upcoming Valentine’s Day. But Koli’s parents got a proposal through a matchmaker that there is a Bangladeshi ‘good’ groom, have been staying in Sweden for a few years. If they wed Koli with that groom, no dowry or gift is needed rather the groom will manage the cost of wedding. In addition, both Koli and her family members will be able to settle in Sweden. Very lucrative proposal! Koli’s parents agreed and the wedding was done within five days without taking consent from Koli. Koli unwillingly went Sweden with her husband. After going there within a few days she discovered that her husband drinks wine regularly, have realtion with other women and tortures mentally and physically Koli if she protests. Her husband kept her confined at the residence, and she was not allowed to go outside or contact any one. Even she could not contact her parents in Bangladesh, because she was not allowed to touch her husband’s mobile phone and talk with anyone. Koli could do nothing, but cried like a bird confined in a cage! She became sick due to torture and after suffering a few days, she was taken to a doctor by her husband unwillingly. She kept the fact hidden of torturing by her husband, and told the doctor that she got the marks of injuries in her body due to fall down at the bathroom. After seven months Koli felt that she was pregnant. Getting the news, her husband kicked at her belly, bleeding started and the embryo was killed. This is just one of the very simple stories of violence I mentioned. There are many women who have been being tortured more dangerously by their husbands; became disabled, passing lives in shelter centres, unable to continue legal action against the husbands because they fear of more torture. Some husbands have one more wives, took from Bangladesh; even some wives are denied their rights to the children. Some husbands make fabricated story in favour of them before wedding, but in the practical field it is found that some husbands even unemployed in abroad and were sentenced to imprisonment for drug addiction and other unlawful activities. Some husbands torture their wives in the streets, parks, shopping malls and other places. Evidence shows that violence against Bangladeshi women exists in many countries, and some women have been killed by their husbands. In addition, some persons take women in abroad by the name of ‘marriage’, sale them in the brothel or deal with sex trade there forcibly against the will of those women. Some sufferer women suggested to the parents of Bangladeshi women not to become agree instantly to wed their daughters with the grooms live in abroad. Rather the parents must take some time to know details about the grooms as more as possible through different sources. The Bengali community in abroad, our embassies in different countries, and some other migrants should play helpful role in this regard. Though there is no enough data on the violence against Bangladeshi women in abroad, so necessary support, capacity-building and research must conduct to address the isssue and save lives of Bangladeshi women in abroad. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates in 2002 that around 20-70% of abused women around the world never told another person about the abuse until being interviewed for a study by WHO. Amnesty International mentioned that around the world at least one woman in every three has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime. Every year, violence in the home and the community devastates the lives of millions of women. Violence against women is rooted in a global culture of discrimination which denies women equal rights with men. Amnesty added that there is an unbroken spectrum of violence that women face at the hands of people who exert control over them. States have the obligation to prevent, protect against, and punish violence against women whether perpetrated by private or public actors. States have a responsibility to uphold standards of due diligence and take steps to fulfill their responsibility to protect individuals from human rights abuses, the report concludes. What are the Experts suggested ensuring equality? Non-violent relationship with women and men through: †¢Fairness and negotiation; †¢Honesty and accountability; Respect to the women; †¢Trust and support; †¢Shared responsibility; †¢Positive parenting; †¢Non-threatening behavior; †¢ Economic partnership. One question always comes in my mind that physically the same red blood we men and women carry by born, same rights we have in the constitution, but why we cannot be equal as human beings through womenâ€⠄¢s empowerment, establishing gender equity and equality? Steps of preventing that violence: Nevertheless, considering these Women`s Human Rights (WHR) enforcements internationally, multiple forms of violence against women remain high with considerably slow progress (Reilly 2009). Therefore, violence against women is an issue that requires continuous redressing to guarantee women`s full enjoyments of their rights. To promote equal status for women, such violence must be recognised as a Human rights violation requiring immediate actions (Desai et al, 2002, p. 30). Violence against Women (VAW) is the most obvious gender-specific violation of Human Rights, and is a form of discrimination against women. It enforces women`s subordination and patriarchal structures throughout all levels of society, leading to issues such as the undervaluation of women`s economic contributions. VAW is not only embedded in gender norms; gender norms are also constructed through VAW, and â€Å"the low status of women – economically, socially, culturally and politically both constitutes and enables the further denial of human rights in gender-specific ways, often at the hands of family members, male and female† (Reilly, 2009, p. 78). Thus, VAW both reflects and determines gendered social structures (McMillan, 2007). That is why framing VAW as a Human Rights violation requiring immediate action is crucial to challenge the economic, social and cultural marginalisation of women in Bangladesh.

Death And Dying In A Prayer For Owen Meany Essays -

Death And Dying In A Prayer For Owen Meany The theme of death and dying in A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving is constant throughout the novel. Many events that prepare the characters for death occur through the death of Tabitha Wheelwright, through Owen's faith and religion, also through Owen's own death. In relation to the book and reality, there are events in life that people encounter that prepare themselves for death. In the novel, the event of Tabitha Wheelwright's death is the first and also one of the most important events. John and Owen experience death of a loved one at an early age when Owen accidentally kills Tabitha with a baseball. After this event John and Owen encounter many feelings that are associated with death. John felt anger towards his mother for leaving him so soon. John wanting to know many things about his mother could not be answered. This is evident in pages 34-35 where John wanted to know who his father was, but his mother had already left before she could even tell him. Owen felt the emotion of guilt. Though the death of John's mother was an accident, Owen blames himself. ?GOD HAS TAKEN YOUR MOTHER. MY HANDS WERE THE INSTRUMENT. GOD HAS TAKEN MY HANDS. I AM GOD'S INSTRUMENT.? - P. 87 In this quote, the only way for Owen to deal with the accident is by associating it with his faith. John's and Owen's feelings are natural when people lose a close one, but it helps them embra ce death later down the road, and also their own. Owen's unconditional faith helped John go on after his mother's death. Owen's constant bible references made John feel comfortable about death than to fear it. ?I am the resurrection and the life, saith the Lord. He believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live, and whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die.? ? P. 181 In this quote, Owen is reciting out from the bible to John to convince him of life after death. When you die, it is not the end, but the beginning of a new life with God. ?Into paradise may the angels lead you.? ? P. 616 Owen telling John to reassure him that the angels will guide him into Heaven after death. Owen's complete faith in God helped John understand death as not a tragedy but a transitional journey. In the second half of the novel, Owen realizes that he will die and that he is God's instrument. Owen was placed on earth for a purpose, which he completes at the end. Owen's death helped him deal with his own death, preparing him for the worst. ?LAST NITE I HAD A DREAM. NOW I KNOW FOUR THINGS. I KNOW THAT MY VOICE DOESN'T CHANGE ? BUT I STILL DON'T KNOW WHY. I KNOW THAT I AM GOD'S INSTRUMENT. I KNOW WHEN I'M GOING TO DIE ? AND NOW A DREAM HAS SHOWN ME HOW I'M GOING TO DIE. I'M GOING TO BE A HERO! I TRUST THAT GOD WILL HELP ME, BECAUSE WHAT I'M SUPPOSED TO DO LOOKS VERY HARD.? ? P. 416 This is where Owen has his dream, which tells him that he will be a hero by saving the orphan children from the grenade, which leads to his death. Also another event where Owen interrupted the Angel of Death made him believe he was going to be used to kill Tabitha Wheelwright. ?In Owen's opinion, he had INTERUPTED AN ANGEL, he had DISTURBED AN ANGEL AT WORK, he had UPSET THE SCHEME OF THINGS.? ? P. 102 This quote helps Owen explain and also convince himself that he was used to kill Tabitha because God had made him his instrument. Tabitha died for a reason, and God made sure that it was by Owen's hands because it brought John and Owen together. Owen Meany's death and him being an instrument of God, it helped John believe in God and that afterlife is true. Owen and John experienced death and dying through many deaths from the beginning to the end of the novel. Many events happened to John to lead him to believe in

Hay Que, Tener Que and Similar Spanish Phrases

Hay Que, Tener Que and Similar Spanish Phrases If you have to say theres something you have to do or that has to be done, heres how you can do it in Spanish. Tener Que Perhaps the most common way of saying to have to in Spanish is tener que followed by an infinitive. Tengo que pagar impuestos. (I have to pay taxes.) Mi padre tiene que ir a Barranquilla. (My father has to go to Barranquilla.) Tener que is the phrase for statements of necessity that is usually learned first by students of Spanish because it is very common and doesnt require the knowledge of any verb conjugation beyond the forms of tener. But there are other ways as well to make statements of necessity. Hay Que Another that is even easier to learn because it doesnt require any conjugation is hay que, again followed by an infinitive: Hay que ser muy listo. (It is necessary to be very ready.)  ¿Por quà © hay que usar cà ³digos? (Why is it necessary to use codes?) Necesitar Que and Es Necesario Que As might be expected, some other phrases used in statements of necessity are closely related to the word necessary. One is the impersonal verb necesitar, meaning to be necessary, which can be followed by que and a verb in the subjunctive mood. Necesito que un experto me contacte. (I need an expert to contact me. A word-for-word translation would be: I need that an expert contact me. Many of the other translations below where the subjunctive is used follow a similar pattern.) Necesitas que alguien te escuche. (You need someone to listen to you.) Similarly, it is possible to use the impersonal phrase es necesario que, which also is followed by a verb in the subjunctive. Es necesario que Europa conserve su herencia. (It is necessary for Europe to retain its heritage.) Es necesario que nos envà ­en los datos. (It is necessary for them to send us the data.) Two Es Phrases Less common than the above is the impersonal phrase es preciso, which also means it is necessary. It is usually followed by an infinitive, but it also can be followed by que and a subjunctive verb. Es preciso revisar el diseà ±o y la organizacià ³n del programa. (It is necessary to change the design and organization of the program.) Es preciso que trabajen. (It is necessary for them to work.) The impersonal phrase es importante, meaning it is important, is used in the same way, although it isnt as forceful as es necesario. Es importante saber sobre interoperabilidad. (It is important to know about interoperability.) Es importante que el sitio web està © en espaà ±ol. (It is important that the website be in Spanish.) Urgir Finally, to indicate that something is urgently necessary, it is possible to use the impersonal phrase urge que from the verb urgir, again followed by a verb in the subjunctive. Urge que Xcacel sea declarada como reserva natural protegida. (It is urgent that Xcacel be declared a natural protected reserve.) Me urge que todo el mundo lo lea. (It is urgent to me that everybody read it.) The verb urgir can also stand alone as a verb to mean to be urgently needed. Urge atencià ³n inmediata el caso de los asesinatos de mujeres en Ciudad Jurez. The case of women murdered in Cuidad Juarez urgently needs attention.) Me urge ayuda sobre los siguientes terminales. (I urgently need help with the following terms.)

Principal components and Changes to peasant and tribal life Assignment

Principal components and Changes to peasant and tribal life - Assignment Example After the establishment of the economic policies and the new reform, the Ottoman decided to turn their interest back to the provinces in the Arab countries. They began using large farmsteads in the form of profitable private holdings. Also, they gave out land in the form of grants to the migrants population and the colonists. Other areas that were used for sheep and goats were turned into farms. The kind of authority that existed before was cut completely without leverage. From the perspective of the peasantry, the expectations of the nature of the behavior of the urban notables and the rural shaykhs had to relate to the authority that they had. Later the forces that exist in the global market and the increase in the administrative centralization cause an adverse impact on the lifestyle of the peasants. Also, also the change in the previous relationship that between the peasantry and the traditional elites cause changes in the understanding of the Muslims on their religious identity with relation to the Islamic practice gradual formalization. The notables’ authority large developed to become the mediators between the peasantry and the formal Islamic institutions. A large number of the proletariat did not have a direct interaction or access to the facilities, and this caused a vague understanding of what constituted the Islamic behavior. In the middle nineteenth century, an increase in the interest in the authority of both the rural shaykhs and the urban notables became tied to the state of the European economy.

DISCUSSION BOARD WEEK 6-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DISCUSSION BOARD WEEK 6-1 - Essay Example Qualitative Market Research, 14(4), 430-440. The main aspect of qualitative research method is the definition of research questions (Branthwaite, & Patterson, 2011). Qualitative methods are based on tested variables and hypothesis within the area of interest. Thus, qualitative research is based on a general research question, which can be narrowed down to the preferred research question. In addition, qualitative researchers are interested in exploring patterns that defines different research variables. Identifying patterns that define different research variables is the interesting element of qualitative research. This is because a qualitative researcher is capable of responding to research questions that cannot be addressed through the usual research techniques. This article provides basic guidelines for choosing appropriate design for my research topic. For instance, the article addresses design of research hypothesis and questions. Butler, A. C. (2010). Repeated testing produces s uperior transfer of learning relative to repeated studying. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory & Cognition, 36(5), 1118-1133. According to Butler (2010), qualitative research question are created in neutral and exploratory language. This enables researchers to define several variables through a single research question. ... Qualitative research address question of ‘what’ and ‘how’. These questions explain or explore a certain pattern that is related to social behavior or trend. The article provide a concrete basis for development of research questions. Ring, N., Jepson, R., & Ritchie, K. (2011). Methods of synthesizing qualitative research studies for health technology assessment. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 27(4), 384-90. Ring, Jepson, & Ritchie (2011), explores the impacts of technology on research. The researchers explore ways in which information technology can be applied in social research. Although the study is based on health assessments, it provides a general overview of qualitative research and its application. According to the article, qualitative research has the ability to respond to research questions that cannot be answered using alternative research methods. The article examines the role of technology in cubing Medicare fraud. A ccording Ring, Jepson, & Ritchie (2011), application of information technology in healthcare centers and institutions will greatly reduce cases of Medicare fraud. Jacobson, P. D (2001). Regulating Health Care: From Self-Regulation to Self-Regulation?  Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law. 26 (5) 1165–78. Jacobson, P. D (2001) explore the role of the authority in regulating the health sector through appropriate ethical practices. According to the article medical fraud, signify unethical performance within health institutions. The article explores the role of healthcare professional in regulating the health sector. The article defines the different trends that characterize Medicare fraud. This provides a significant aspect

BCG Matrix and SWOT Analysis of Reebok

BCG Matrix and SWOT Analysis of Reebok BCG Matrix to analyze the product portfolio of REEBOK Overview of the Indian Footwear Sector The footwear sector is a diverse industry which covers a wide variety of materials (textile, plastics, rubber and leather) and products from different types of mens, womens and childrens footwear to more specialized products like snowboard boots and protective footwear. This diversity of end products corresponds to a multitude of industrial processes, enterprises and market structures. The footwear market consists of the total revenue generated through the sale of all types of mens, womens and childrens shoes. The market is valued at retail selling price with any currency conversions calculated using constant 2007 annual average exchange rates. The Indian Footwear Industry The Indian footwear market has seen very healthy increases in its growth over the past five years, although it was outperformed by the larger Chinese market during this period. Its value and volume are set to increase at a with double-digit annual growth rates over the forecast period. The Indian footwear industry is a significant segment of the leather industry in India. It ranks second among the footwear producing countries next to China. It produces more of gents footwear while the worlds major production is in ladies footwear. The industry is labor intensive and is concentrated in the small and cottage industry sectors. While leather shoes and uppers are concentrated in large scale units, the sandals and chappals are produced in the household and cottage sector. In the case of chappals and sandals, use of non-leather material is prevalent in the domestic market. The major production centers of India are Chennai, Ranipet, and Ambur in Tamil Nadu, Mumbai in Maharastra, Kanpur in U.P., Jalandhar in Punjab, Agra and Delhi. The following table indicates concentration of units in various parts of the country The Indian footwear industry is provided with institutional infrastructure support through premier institutions like Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, Footwear Design Development Institute, Noida, National Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi, etc in the areas of technological development, design and product development and human resource development. The availability of abundant raw material base, large domestic market and the opportunity to cater to world markets makes India an attractive destination for technology and investments. The Indian footwear retail market is expected to grow at CAGR of over 20% for the periods spanning from 2008 to 2011. Footwear is expected to comprise about 60% of the total leather exports by 2011 from over 38% in 2006-2007. Presently, the Indian footwear market is dominated by Mens footwear market that accounts for nearly 58% of the total Indian footwear retail market. By products, the Indian footwear market is dominated by casual footwear market that makes up for nearly two-third of the total footwear retail market. The Indian footwear market scores over other footwear markets as it gives benefits like low cost of production, abundant raw material, and has huge consumption market. The annual domestic consumption of shoes in India is 1.1 billion pairs and it is estimated that the footwear market is around Rs 10, 000 crore and will grow at 10% pa, this offers great opportunities for a company like Bata to expand. MNC Brands Sold in India are sold Adidas, Aldo, Bally, Clarks, Ecco, Florshiem, Ferragammo, Hush Puppies, Lee cooper, Lloyd, Marks Spencer, Nike, Nine West, New Balance, Reebok, Rockport, Stacy Adams, Levi Strauss , Lee Cooper, Puma, Bata. Indian Brands sold in India are Red Tape, Liberty, Khadims, Lakhani, Metro, Action, Provogue, ID, MB Footwear, Firangi Reebok: Reebok India commands a 51% market share in the premium sportswear industry in the Rs 2000-crore premium sportswear market.. It plans to increase the store count from the existing 500 to over 600 before 2008. Reebok reaches out to its target customers through its 500 exclusive Reebok Stores, 200 Shop in the shop outlets 2500 dealer outlets. The company has plan to tap tier II and Tier III ci ties. Reebok is planning to add 55 new lifestyle stores by the end of this year. It offers different segments for both men and women like sports and fitness footwear, apparel, accessories, fitness equipment and the lifestyle section. The Global Footwear Industry The global footwear market grew by 4.1% in 2008 to reach a value of $208.4 billion. In 2013, the market is forecast to have a value of $272.5 billion, an increase of 30.7% since 2008. The market grew by 4.8% in 2008 to reach a volume of 11.6 billion pairs. In 2013, the market is forecast to have a volume of 15.1 billion pairs, an increase of 30.2% since 2008. Europe is the largest footwear market, accounting for 42.3% of the global value. The global footwear market consists of the total revenues generated through the sale of all types of mens, womens and childrens shoes. The market is valued at retail selling price with any currency conversions calculated using constant 2007 annual average exchange rates. Reebok International, a subsidiary of Adidas, is engaged in the design, marketing and distribution of sports, fitness and casual footwear, apparel and equipment. The company primarily operates in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific. The company recorded revenues of E2,333 million in the fiscal year ended December 2007, a decrease of 5.7% over 2006. The operating profit of the company was E109 million in the fiscal year 2007, an increase of 26.7% over 2006. . According to 2004 figures by the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association International, Nike had about 36%, Adidas 8.9% and Reebok 12.2% market share in the athletic-footwear market in the U.S. Introduction- REEBOK Reebok is an American-inspired, global brand that creates and markets sports and lifestyle products built upon a strong heritage and authenticity in sports, fitness and womens categories. The brand is committed to designing products and marketing programs that reflect creativity and the desire to constantly challenge the status quo. Reebok India Reebok started its operations in India in 1995. Headed by Managing Director Mr. Subhinder Singh Prem, Reebok India has a pan-India presence with branch offices in Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore and ranks at the top amongst international footwear companies in India. The Companys brand vision is fulfilling potential, its mission – Always challenge and lead through creativity. Reeboks brand values are authentic, individualistic, courageous, empowering, innovative and real. Reebok has introduced its internationally acclaimed fitness programs in India, conducted under the banner of Reebok Instructor Alliance, which is dedicated to fitness instructors, personal trainers and health club owners. Reebok has trained and certified more then 800 trainers till now. Reebok India commands a 54% market share in the premium sportswear industry according to the calendar year December 2008. Its revenue has touched 1400 Crores (at retail price) in 2008. It plans to increase the store count from the existing 500 to over 600 before 2007. Reebok reaches out to its target customers through its 500 exclusive Reebok Stores, 200 Shop in the shop outlets 2500 dealer outlets. Reebok has the single largest store in Hyderabad. REEBOKS VISION Fulfilling Potential Reebok is dedicated to providing each and every athlete from professional athletes to recreational runners to kids on the playground with the opportunity, the products, and the inspiration to achieve what they are capable of. We all have the potential to do great things. As a brand, Reebok has the unique opportunity to help consumers, athletes and artists, partners and employees fulfill their true potential and reach heights they may have thought un-reachable. REEBOKS MISSION Always Challenge and Lead through Creativity At Reebok, we see the world a little differently and throughout our history have made our mark when weve had the courage to challenge convention. Reebok creates products and marketing programs that reflect the brands unlimited creative potential. REEBOKS POSITIONING Celebrate Individuality in Sport and Life Reebok understands that people are, above all, unique. Reeboks positioning reflects this; celebrating the distinct qualities that make people who they are their unique points of view, their individual style and their remarkable talents and accomplishments. Reebok celebrates their individuality, their authenticity and the courage it takes to forge their own path to greatness. While some may call them crazy or eccentric, Reebok calls them visionary and original. REEBOKS PURPOSE To Empower Global Youth to Fulfill their Potential Commitment to Corporate Responsibility is an important legacy and hallmark of the Reebok brand.For two decades, Human Rights, through the Reebok Human Rights program, was the primary focus of this effort. Reebok has expanded on what had been built and created a Global Corporate Citizenship platform with a purpose for the brand that will help underprivileged, underserved youth around the world fulfill their potential and live healthy, active lives. REEBOKS BRAND TERRITORY Having Fun Staying in Shape Having Fun Staying in Shape comes to life through a fun, bold, provocative manner expressed through fresh, eye catching imagery signed off with a unique Reeword. The tone and manner allows the consumer to look at sport and lifestyle through our lens of Ree. HISTORY 2000 In 2000, Reebok and the National Football League announced an exclusive partnership that serves as a foundation of the NFLs consumer products business. The NFL granted a long-term exclusive license to Reebok beginning in the 2002 NFL season to manufacture, market and sell NFL licensed merchandise for all 32 NFL teams. The license includes on-field uniforms, sideline apparel, practice apparel and an NFL-branded footwear and apparel collection. 2001 In 2001, Reebok formed a long-term strategic partnership with the National Basketball Association under which Reebok designs, manufactures, sells and markets licensed merchandise for the NBA, the Womens National Basketball Association (WNBA) and the National Basketball Development League (NBDL), the NBAs minor league. Reebok secured the exclusive rights to supply and market all on-court apparel, including uniforms, shooting shirts, warm-ups, authentic and replica jerseys and practice gear for all NBA, WNBA and NBDL teams. Reebok also had exclusive rights, with limited exceptions, to design, manufacture, market and sell headwear, T-shirts, fleece and other apparel products for all teams in most channels of distributions. In 2006, Reebok transferred the NBA rights to the adidas Brand. 2002 In 2002, Reebok launched Rbk – a collection of street-inspired footwear and apparel hook-ups designed for the young man and woman who demand and expect the style of their gear to reflect the attitude of their lives: cool and edgy, authentic and aspirational. Inspired by street fashion, Rbks marketing is culturally relevant as well. With many of the industrys most marketable and valuable sports assets on its roster, Reebok rolled-out an integrated marketing campaign that fused together sports, music, technology and entertainment, and was designed to connect the Reebok Brand to millions of new consumers around the world. The global marketing campaign was launched in early 2002 and featured select Reebok athletes paired with some of the music industrys most successful hip-hop and rap artists. Reebok tapped into something the industry had not yet seen, and became a pioneer in the fusion of sports, music and technology. 2003 2003 was a landmark year for Rbk. Reebok formed an unprecedented partnership with rap musician Jay-Z, which included the design and marketing of the S. Carter Collection by Rbk, which launched in April. With the partnership, Jay-Z became the first non-athlete to have a signature athletic footwear collection. The launch of Jay Zs first shoe was extremely successful around the world. Later that year, Reebok teamed up with another superstar of the rap world, 50 Cent. The result was the equally successful â€Å"G Unit Collection by Rbk.† 2004 In 2004, Reebok became the worlds leading producer of hockey apparel and equipment with its acquisition of The Hockey Company. The Hockey Companys brands, CCM, Koho and Jofa, are among the most respected in the sport. Reebok has a long-term licensing agreement with the National Hockey League, under which the company serves as the supplier of authentic â€Å"on-ice† game jerseys to all 30 NHL teams. It also has the exclusive worldwide rights to manufacture and market authentic, replica and practice jerseys using the names and logos of the NHL and its teams. Reebok also has exclusive agreements with the Canadian Hockey League, the American Hockey League and the East Coast Hockey League. 2005 In early 2005, Reebok launched Rbk Hockey, a new and innovative line of ultra-high performance hockey equipment, sticks and skates and signed hockey phenom Sidney Crosby, who has lived up to his billing as the leagues next great player. In two short years, Rbk Hockey has become one of the most visible and in-demand hockey brands on the market. In 2005, Reebok launched its largest global integrated marketing and advertising campaign in nearly a decade. I Am What I Am is a multi-faceted campaign which links all of the brands marketing and advertising efforts under the I Am What I Am umbrella. The campaign encourages young people to embrace their own individuality by celebrating their contemporary heroes. Celebrities featured in the campaign include music icons Jay-Z, Daddy Yankee and 50 Cent; top athletes Allen Iverson, Donovan McNabb, Curt Schilling, Kelly Holmes, Iker Casillas and Yao Ming; screen stars Lucy Liu, John Leguizamo and Christina Ricci; and skateboarder Stevie Williams. 2006 In January 2006, adidas-Salomon AG acquired Reebok, forever altering the worldwide sporting goods industry landscape. Shortly after the close of the acquisition, Reebok Chairman and CEO Paul Fireman announced he was leaving the company to pursue other interests, and Paul Harrington was named President and CEO of the Reebok brand. Today, the adidas Group, which includes the adidas, Reebok, TaylorMade-adidas Golf and Rockport brands is a global leader in the sporting goods industry and offers a broad portfolio of products. Products from the adidas Group are available in virtually every country of the world. Activities of the company and its more than 80 subsidiaries are directed from the Groups headquarters in Herzogenaurach, Germany. 2007 Reebok launched Run Easy, one of the most comprehensive running campaigns in the brands history. The goal of the campaign was to inspire consumers around the world to fulfill their potential and celebrate their individuality. The message of the campaign was that while many other brands speak about the blood, sweat and tears of running, Reebok celebrated the camaraderie, joy and fun of running – Run Easy. In addition, Reeboks partnership with the National Hockey League took center stage with the unveiling the Rbk Edge Uniform System, a complete, team-wide redesign and re-engineering of the NHL uniform, and the opening of the NHL Powered by Rbk retail store in New York City. Reebok also launched its There are Two People in Everyone marketing campaign for the second half of 2007 in select regions. The global marketing campaign highlights Reeboks unique brand point of view of celebrating the individuals balance between sport and life. The campaign, featuring international sport stars such as Allen Iverson, Yao Ming, MS Dohni and Nicole Vaidisova, declared that there is more to an athlete than his or her sport. 2008 Reeboks global marketing campaign, ‘Your Move launched in March of 2008 and evolved Reeboks positioning as the brand that celebrates individuality and supports those who choose to do things their way. Expressed as a global brand campaign, ‘Your Move was an invitation to people to do it their way in sport and in life. The ‘whats your move? ad was a literal expression of this philosophy: key assets including Thierry Henry and Alexander Ovechkin showed us their moves and invited consumers to show us theirs. In the summer of 2008, Reebok and driving ace Lewis Hamilton announced a multi-year partnership at a spectacular 3-D event in Amsterdam, home of Reeboks European Headquarters. At the event, Reebok unveiled â€Å"The Athlete within the Driver,† gave media a rare insight into Hamiltons demanding fitness regime. Hamilton revealed how Reeboks Smoothfit training footwear and apparel range helped him to train better than ever before. 2009 In February 2009, Reebok launched the Jukari Fit to Fly workout, the first in a series of initiatives to come out of a new, long-term partnership with Cirque du Soleil. Jukari Fit to Fly makes fitness fun again by introducing a new way to move. The workout has been created on a specially-designed piece of equipment called the FlySet. The result is a workout that gives the sensation of flying while strengthening and lengthening the body through cardio, strength, balance and core training. Also in 2009, Reebok made a pledge to tone the butts and legs of women around the world with its innovative EasyTone footwear. Featuring first-of-its-kind balance pod technology, the shoe generates incredible results thanks to proprietary technology invented by a former NASA engineer. Brands Reebok International Rock Port RBK CCM Hockey (Worlds largest) Greg Norman Apparel Ralph Lauren Brand The Hockey Company Avia Onfield Apparel Athletic footwear DMX2000 3D Ultralite Ralph Lauren Apparel line REEBOK SWOT ANALYSIS Reebok International was a major player in the sports and fitness products market, with a particular emphasis on footwear. Its main strengths lied in its size and strong brand awareness. While footwear is clearly its core product, concerns were being raised over its comparative disinterest in the associated athletic apparel market, which is over twice the size of the footwear market. STRENGTHS Growing sales revenue As part of a strategy to grow quality market share, the company continued to invest in three key product and marketing platforms: Performance, RBK and Classic. Reebok International was the second largest manufacturer of athletic shoes in the US, behind Nike. The Reebok brand continued to drive sales pushing it closer to major competitors, Nike and Adidas. Reebok had become the number two or number three brand in most of its overseas markets. It held around 10% of the global market, compared to Nikes 34% and Adidas 15%. The company has been able to increase revenues and improve operating margins despite some challenging retail conditions in many key markets around the world in 2004. Excellent marketing strategy The company employed a strategy of reinventing its brands in order to gain market share. In order to enhance its Reebok brand, the company introduced a new street inspired product collection, RBK, in 2002, followed by an effective marketing strategy which carried into 2003 and 2004. During 2003/2004, the Reebok product offerings generated healthy sell-through performance at retail. Alongside reinventing brands, the company introduced new marketing campaigns to promote them. To support the RBK product Reebok created a marketing campaign entitled Reeboks Sounds and Rhythm of Sport, which fuses music and entertainment with sports and performance. Celebrity associated sponsorships The company expanded its product offerings into more lifestyle and performance categories, introducing new product segments for both the NBA and NFL, including NBA and NFL footwear, classic lifestyle apparel and performance gear for off-the-field activities. Reebok sponsored many top athletes in tennis; Andy Roddick and Venus Williams; as well as music stars Jay-Z, Pharrell Williams and 50 Cent. Yao Zings impact in the Asian market is hugely important to Reebok. Affiliating itself to such globally renowned celebrities enhanced the company name among many different customer groups. Strong womens sector Another one of Reeboks strengths was its success in the womens sector. The market for womens athletic shoes is larger than that for men, accounting for around 46% and 40% of the sectors value respectively. In volume terms, the womens sector was even more important, 46% compared to 35%. Reeboks market share of womens athletic shoe sales was around 35%, and has been boosted by its Its A Womans World marketing campaign. WEAKNESSES Classics under fire The company had come under fire from its rivals in the classics department. In the past Reebok has controlled this shoe category without much competition, however companies such as Nike and Adidas were coming up with their own classic shoes. Reebok were still the market leaders in that area but the gap kept narrowing. Low market share in apparels Reebok controlled only about 1.4% of the apparel market. This posed a problem when squaring up with its fierce competitor, Nike. The footwear markets growth was slowing. Athletic apparel gives scope for a larger and more diverse range of products, keeping the market fast moving. The apparel market was 2.4 times larger than the footwear market. Nike took charge there, with its innovative designs, and contracts with sports teams and organisations throughout the world. Danger of stockpiling products by retailers Futures, or ordered in advance sales, represented around 60-70% of Reeboks business. This has been valuable to Reebok in the past; however five of the companys brands that represent around 60% global market share could cause problems in the future. Futures growth for these five brands was around 9.5% on a dollar-weighted basis. This growth was alarmingly fast. Reebok had to be careful as retailers may be ordering more than they can sell. This could result in a sudden cut off in orders, leaving the company with large inventories and a decrease in sales. OPPORTUNITIES Increase average shoe price Reeboks average price per shoe in athletic footwear stores, which account for around 15% of the market, was considerably lower than average. Its average price per shoe is $45, compared with an outlet average closer to $60. The companys lower than average shoe price is partly due to the high percentage of basic products sold, which is itself partly attributable to its traditional position in the womens sector. This left plenty of space for the company to muscle in on higher priced sales, as its products and promotional efforts improve. As well as raising brand awareness, Reeboks sponsorship deals helped the company increase its average sales price. Draw attention toward new technological developments Reebok had started developing its product to make it more modern and has invested heavily in added technology to enhance its shoes. Reebok had a lot to gain from a continued investment in more technologically advanced, premium products. In 2003, the company introduced new fashionable and technologically advanced products tied to new integrated marketing programs. These displayed an enhanced and prominent vector logo which ties back to the Professional athletes wearing the products on the field. This branding created a real point-of-difference for its performance products and should help to generate consumer interest at point-of-purchase. These products are supported at retail with a new performance marketing campaign, which utilises the athletes and the vector logo in new and creative ways. This campaign included television, print and in-store marketing packages. Encourage a strong brand push in Europe The company planned to enhance its European market, recruiting new management talent and initiating an aggressive program to regionalise this business utilising a consistent brand image throughout Europe. Reebok executed unified product, marketing, and sales strategies across all borders in Europe, thereby presenting the Reebok Brand in a more relevant and consistent manner. Exploit Nikes lack of high profile sponsorship Nike, the worlds most successful sportswear brand and footwear producer struggled to fill the void vacated by Michael Jordan. This was the first time in a long time that Nike did not have an eminent sports star to spearhead their marketing drive. This has left an opening for the likes of Reebok to exploit, particularly in the basketball arena. The company took the Chinese sensation from Nike, Yao Ming, hoping to increase market share by 10% to 30% by 2006. THREATS Over reliance on footwear sales Footwear is Reeboks largest division and the company relies fairly heavily on the footwear market. That was a competitive field experiencing much slower growth than in previous years and, like most other producers, Reebok felt that it must do more to increase sales. Reebok had also to be aware that the market for more expensive footwear was slowing. This could ultimately force prices down, should this trend continue for a significant period of time. With the company so reliant on footwear, it risked losses, whereas other competitors such as Nike can fall back on their apparel division. Diverted from historical markets Reeboks original success stemmed from the womens aerobics market in the 1980s. It has since become apparent that the company has shied away from its roots. Reeboks womens products represent only 25% of its athletic apparel volume. The womens apparel sector actually accounts for around 40% of industry sales, which suggests that Reebok risked losing out in the key market that transformed them into a global company. Product portfolio strategy introduction to the boston consulting box Introduction Thebusiness portfoliois the collection of businesses and products that make up the company. The best business portfolio is one that fits the companys strengths and helps exploit the most attractive opportunities. The company must: (1) Analyze its current business portfolio and decide which businesses should receive more or less investment, and (2) Develop growth strategies for adding new products and businesses to the portfolio, whilst at the same time deciding when products and businesses should no longer be retained. Methods of Portfolio Planning The two best-known portfolio planning methods are from the Boston Consulting Group (the subject of this revision note) and by General Electric/Shell. In each method, the first step is to identify the various Strategic Business Units (SBUs) in a company portfolio. An SBU is a unit of the company that has a separate mission and objectives and that can be planned independently from the other businesses. An SBU can be a company division, a product line or even individual brands it all depends on how the company is organised. The Boston Consulting Group Box (BCG Box) Using the BCG Box (an example is illustrated above) a company classifies all its SBUs according to two dimensions: On the horizontal axis: relative market share- this serves as a measure of SBU strength in the market On the vertical axis: market growth rate- this provides a measure of market attractiveness By dividing the matrix into four areas, four types of SBU can be distinguished: Stars -Stars are high growth businesses or products competing in markets where they are relatively strong compared with the competition. Often they need heavy investment to sustain their growth. Eventually their growth will slow and, assuming they maintain their relative market share, will become cash cows. Cash Cows- Cash cows are low-growth businesses or products with a relatively high market share. These are mature, successful businesses with relatively little need for investment. They need to be managed for continued profit so that they continue to generate the strong cash flows that the company needs for its Stars. Question marks- Question marks are businesses or products with low market share but which operate in higher growth markets. This suggests that they have potential, but may require substantial investment in order to grow market share at the expense of more powerful competitors. Management have to think hard about question marks which ones should they invest in? Which ones should they allow to fail or shrink? Dogs- Unsurprisingly, the term dogs refers to businesses or products that have low relative share in unattractive, low-growth markets. Dogs may generate enough cash to break-even, but they are rarely, if ever, worth investing in. Using the BCG Box to determine strategy Once a company has classified its SBUs, it must decide what to do with them. In the diagram above, the company has one large cash cow (the size of the circle is proportional to the SBUs sales), a large dog and two, smaller stars and question marks. Conventional strategic thinking suggests there are four possible strategies for each SBU: (1) Build Share: here the company can invest to increase market share (for example turning a question mark into a star) (2) Hold: here the company invests just enough to keep the SBU in its present position (3) Harvest: here the company reduces the amount of investment in order to maximise the short-term cash flows and profits from the SBU. This may have the effect of turning Stars into Cash Cows. (4) Divest: the company can divest the SBU by phasing it out or selling it in order to use the resources elsewhere (e.g. investing in the more promising question marks). THE BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP BOX (BCG BOX) OF REEBOK STARS  · Greg Norman Apparel Question Mark  · Athletic footwear  · DMX2000 Cash Cows  · Rock Port Dogs  · Avia Stars: [high share; high growth] 1. The Collections moisture-wicking innovative Play Dry ® technology and unique Performance. Luxury. 2. Style. combination continue to differentiate the brand. Influenced by one of the worlds leading golf professionals and identified by the four-color shark logo, Greg Norman Collection has become a complete lifestyle brand since beginning as knitwear line in 1992. India is now a major sourcing hub for Reebok Internationals golf apparel and accessories brand Greg Norman Collection. The $100 million brand which retails at $60 to $90 per piece globally sources about 30-40% of its total apparel needs from India. According to Ms Biszantz, the entire Greg Norman range was being outsourced from India including the regular knitwear polos, the fragile rain suit and even Greg Normans patented play dry technology apparel range. At present, the range is being outsourced from five vendors located across the country, these include textile majors like: Ahmedabad based Arvind Mills and Gokuldas Exports, apart from companies like Gurgoan-based Matrix and Faridabad-based Super Fashion and Gupta Exim. The design and merchandising inputs are however still comi ng from New York. The Greg Norman Collection made its debut in the Indian retail market through the opening of an exclusive brand store in Gurgaon The company plans to set